Effect of Natural and Artificial Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs) on the Mechanical and Durability Properties of Precast Concrete Structures: A Review Study

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Faculty of Civil, Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Portland cement production is a major source of CO₂ emissions, posing significant environmental challenges. In this context, the usage of Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs) has gained attention as an effective strategy to lower cement consumption and produce sustainable, high-performance concrete. These materials play a key role in boosting concrete durability and strength by improving microstructure, diminishing porosity, and forming secondary binding phases. Nevertheless, their widespread application in the precast concrete industry—which requires high early strength, suitable setting time, and desirable workability at early ages—faces challenges. Accordingly, this study reviews research on the influence of SCMs, including fly ash, slag, microsilica, natural pozzolans, and metakaolin, on the properties of fresh concrete, early-age characteristics, as well as long-term mechanical behavior and durability. Solutions for mix optimization are inspected, such as multi-component systems, high-range water reducers, and accelerated curing methods including steam curing, to compensate for the decline in early strength. The results from these studies suggest that through careful selection of SCM type, determination of an optimal replacement percentage, and implementation of a suitable curing process, it is possible to generate precast concrete elements. These elements fulfill technical and economic requirements and offer environmental benefits, representing an important step toward sustainable development

Keywords

References

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Interdisciplinary Journal of Civil Engineering
Volume 2, Issue 1 - Serial Number 5
January 2026
Pages 446-467

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